In Variable Area Flow Meters, a float is placed inside a vertical conical tube. As the flow increases, the float, in equilibrium between weight, buoyancy, and fluid force, rises to a greater height in order to increase the flow passage area. A scale is printed on the tube in order to translate the float position into a flow rate.
They are suitable for small and large pipes and small and large flow rates. The tube can be made of transparent plastic, borosilicate glass, or metal. In the case of metallic variable area flow meters, the float contains a magnet inside and it is coupled to an index with a graduated scale placed outside the tube. This index can be connected to electric switches or to a 4–20 mA transmitter.
Instruments suitable for horizontal installation are available, where the weight of the float is replaced by a spring.
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